Сослагательное наклонение в английском языке (c упражнениями). Тест

В этом уроке мы рассмотрим, что такое сослагательное наклонение в английском языке, разберемся с условными предложениями 2 и 3 типа —  Second and Third Conditional и выполним упражнения. В конце урока предлагается Тест на Conditionals (intermediate).

Считается, что предложения с частицей БЫ, являются сослагательными.  Они выражают сослагательное наклонение в любом языке, а именно:

• маловероятное или нереальное условие — Если бы…
• возможность – Я смог бы…
• предположительность – Я купил бы….
• желательность – Я хотел бы….

Итак, что же такое сослагательное наклонение в английском языке?

Это предложения, содержащие два вида условий:

1. маловероятные условия, относящиеся к настоящему или будущему времени (Second Conditional)
2. невероятные (невыполнимые) условия, относящиеся к прошлому (Third Conditional)

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В данной статье мы и рассмотрим нереальные условия, относящиеся к настоящему (будущему) и прошлому, а именно Second and Third Conditional.

Содержание:

1. Что такое Second Conditional
2. Упражнения на Second Conditional
3. Что такое Third Conditional
4. Упражнения на Third Conditional
5. Тест (уровень intermediate)

1. Что такое Second Conditional

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Схема построения Second Conditional

ПРИМЕР. If the weather were good, I would go for a walk.

СОВЕТ. Выучите небольшой диалог, чтобы запомнить какие формы глагола, употребляются в Second Conditional.

— What would you do if you had a boat?

— I would sail in it, of course.

— Where would you sail?

— I would sail across the Atlantic if my boat were big enough.

— What would you do if your parents didn’t let you sail?

— I would run away from home, I suppose.

ПЕРЕВОД

-Чтобы ты делал, если бы у тебя была лодка?
-Я бы в ней поплыл.
-Куда бы ты поплыл?
-Если бы моя лодка была большая, я бы поплыл через Атлантический океан.
-Но чтобы ты сделал, если бы твои родители не разрешили тебе плыть?
-Полагаю, я бы убежал из дому.

Теперь выполните упражнения на Second Conditionals.

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Сослагательное наклонение в английском языке. Упражнения на Second Conditional (условные предложения 2 типа)

Упражнение 1. Переведите с английского.

1. If it didn’t rain, we would go for a walk.
2. If we had a camera, we could take pictures of the beauti­ful scenery.
3. If there were any sugar left, we should not have to go to the shop.
4. If I knew him, I should ask his advice.
5. If you did not have a toothache, you would enjoy the party.
6. If you were not so absent-mind­ed, you would not make so many mistakes.
7. If you rang me up, I should know you were in trouble.
8. If you watched the cat, it wouldn’t eat the fish.
9. If it were not so late, we would go to see them.
10. If I were you, I would read the book.

Упражнение 2. Скажите, что упоминаемое действие было бы выполнено, если бы было выполнено условие.

ОБРАЗЕЦ  If I have time, I will do it. – If I had time, I would do it.

1. If I work hard, I will pass the exams.
2. If there is hot water, I’ll have a bath.
3. If you get up early, you’ll be in time.
4. If I have a lot of money, I will go on a trip round the world.
5. If I have a lot of time, I will take music lessons.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, используя сослагательное наклонение (второе условие)

1. If I … (be) you, I … (write) to her.
2. If I … (be) taller, I … (play) in a basketball team.
3. If you … (stay) longer, you … (meet) my parents.
4. If she … (not eat) so much, she … (be) slimmer.
5. If he … (not see) them, he … (not know) the truth.
6. What … you … (do) if you …(see) him?
7. What … you … (do) if you …(have) million dollars?
8. If they … (have) million dollars, they … (travel) around the world.
9. What … you … (do) if you …(lose) your key?
10. If I … (lose) my key, I … (call) my parents.

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3. Что такое Third Conditional

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Схема предложения в Third Conditional

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Упражнения на Third Conditional (условные предложения 3 типа)

Упражнение 4. Переведите с английского.

1. If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone for a walk.
2. If we had had a camera during our trip to the USA, we could have taken pictures of the beauti­ful scenery.
3. If there had been any sugar left, we would not have gone to the shop late at night.
4. If you had not had a toothache last night, you would have enjoyed the party.
5. If you had not been so absent-mind­ed at the last lesson, you would not have made so many mistakes in your test.
6. If you had rung me up yesterday, I should have known you were in trouble.
7. If you had watched the cat, it wouldn’t have eaten the fish.
8. If it hadn’t been so late, we would have gone to see them.
9. If I had had more time, I would have done the test better.
10. If you hadn’t left the child alone, she would have broken the vase.

Упражнение 5. Скажите, что если бы упоминаемое условие было бы выполнено вчера, то действие было выполнено.

ОБРАЗЕЦ If I had time, I would do it. – If I had had time yesterday (last year), I would have done it.

1. If I worked hard, I would pass the exams.
2. If there were any hot water, I would have a bath.
3. If you got up early, you would be in time.
4. If I had a lot of money, I would go on a trip round the world.
5. If I had a lot of time, I would take music lessons.

Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, используя сослагательное наклонение (третье условие)

1. If he hadn’t broken his bicycle, he would … (go) to the country.
2. If I hadn’t had a bad headache yesterday, I could … (come) to see you.
3. If the ship … (not sail) near the coast, it would not have struck a rock.
4. If he … (be) in town, he would have been present at our meeting.
5. If the road … (not be) so slippery, I … (not fall) and hurt my leg.
6. If they .. (make) a fire, the wolves  … (run) away.
7. If I  … (expect) my friend to come, I … (not go) to the cinema.
8. If I … (have) a dictionary, I … (translate) the article yesterday.
9. If we … (get) a letter from him, we … (not worry).
10. If she … (come) home late last night, her father … (be) angry.

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Тест на Conditionals (уровень intermediate)

ОТВЕТЫ