Вы уже изучили основные случаи употребления инфинитива в английском языке, а в этом уроке мы рассмотрим остальные формы инфинитива в активном залоге Perfect, Continuous, Perfect Continuous:
Сложные формы английского инфинитива
Содержание:
- Perfect Infinitive (to have asked)
- Continuous Infinitive (to be asking) и Perfect Continuous Infinitive (to have been asking)
* * *
Perfect Infinitive (в активном залоге — active)
- Perfect Infinitive употребляется для выражения действия, предшествующего действию, выраженному глаголом. Это форма довольно часто встречается.
ПРИМЕР He is glad to have finished his work. – Он рад, что закончил свою работу.
- Perfect Infinitive после модального глагола MUST выражает предположение о совершенности действия.
ПРИМЕР He must have forgotten about it. — Он, должно быть, забыл об этом.
- Perfect Infinitive после модальных глаголов SHOULD, COULD выражает действие, которое могло бы совершиться, но не совершилось.
ПРИМЕР You should have gone there. — Тебе следовало пойти туда (но ты не сходил).
Perfect Infinitive (в активном залоге). Упражнения
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.
- The child was sorry to have forgotten to feed the dog.
- I am glad to have met you.
- I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
- He must have seen her at the party. (must — в значении предположения)
- She was disappointed not to have passed the exam.
* * *
Упражнение 2. Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive.
ПРИМЕР He is sorry that he has said it. — He is sorry to have said it.
- It is certain that it will rain if you don’t take your umbrella.
- Don’t promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
- He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother.
- She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert.
- I am glad that I see all my friends here.
- She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in.
- I will be delighted if I can join you.
- He hopes that he will know everything about it.
- I was lucky that I had attended this concert.
- They were excited that they had reached the city at last.
* * *
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения с Perfect Infinitive в значении предположения.
- You must have left your book at school.
- She must have left the town.
- The student must have finished writing the essay.
- He must have forgotten to warn them.
- I must have seen you before. Your face seems familiar to me.
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения с Perfect Infinitive в значении неодобрения.
- You should have left a message for her.
- She shouldn’t have taken the child to the cinema.
- He should have worked harder.
- I shouldn’t have eaten too much.
- We shouldn’t have spent so much money.
Упражнение 5. Перефразируйте предложения, используя Perfect Infinitive в значении уверенного предположения.
- probably — вероятно
- evidently — очевидно
- Probably they have solved the problem.
- Probably you left your umbrella in the bus.
- Probably Helen forgot to call him.
- Evidently mother took my key by mistake.
- Evidently they took the wrong turning.
* * *
Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive
Формы Continuous Infinitive и Perfect Continuous Infinitive встречаются довольно редко, но важно знать следующее.
- Continuous Infinitive употребляется для выражения длительного действия, одновременного с действием, выраженным глаголом.
ПРИМЕР The weather seems to be improving. – Кажется, погода улучшается.
- Perfect Continuous Infinitive употребляется для выражения длительного действия, совершавшегося в течении отрезка времени, предшествовавшего действию, выраженному глаголом.
ПРИМЕР
He is known to have been working on this problem for many years. — Известно, что он работает над этой проблемой уже много лет.
Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive. Упражнения
Упражнение 6. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive.
ПРИМЕРЫ
- He pretended to be reading. – Он притворялся, что читает.
- He must be reading. – Он, должно быть, читает.
- He is glad to be skating on such a nice day.
- They were sure to be going in the wrong direction.
- The children were glad to have been walking for so long.
- Grandfather must be sleeping.
- They must be walking in the park now.
Упражнение 7. Перефразируйте предложения, используя Continuous и Perfect Continuous Infinitive в значении предположения.
- Probably the children are playing in the garden.
- It is certain that she is waiting for you at home.
- Of course, they are having a good time.
- I am sure that she has been working at this hospital for many years.
- I hear the children’s voices. Evidently they are reading aloud.
ОТВЕТЫ