There are different tendencies, art movements and styles. Read through the article and see how ideas about art have changed over time. The most well-known art styles are:
- Classicism
- Romanticism
- Realism
- Impressionism
- Surrealism
- Cubism
- Expressionism
- Abstract Art
Art Styles and Movements
Classicism is a style of art practised especially in the 18th century in Europe. It follows the ancient Greek or Roman principles of harmony, regularity and balance. The artist does not attempt to express strong emotions or give way to feeling. It is often contrasted with Romanticism. The most notable artists who painted in this style are French painters Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin.
Классицизм — стиль и направление в искусстве XVII — начала XIX в., ознаменовавшие возвращение к античному наследию как к норме и идеальному образцу.
Claude Lorrain «Farewell to Dido in Carthage» (1676) / Клод Лорен «Прощание Энея и Дидоны в Карфагене»
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Romanticism is a style in art which tries to depict feelings and emotions. This movement in the arts and literature originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. It is often contrasted with Classicism.
Caspar David Friederich «The wanderer Above the Sea of Fog» (1818)/ Каспар Давид Фридрих «Странник над морем тумана»
«Странник над морем тумана» — картина немецкого художника-романтика Каспара Давида Фридриха, одна из знаковых картин романтизма.
На картине изображён странник (это сам художник), стоящий на тёмной, крутой скале. Он повёрнут спиной к зрителю, волосы развеваются на ветру. Странник смотрит на клочья тумана, глубины горных расщелин. Острые пики кое-где возвышаются над туманом, а вдалеке видны горные гряды. Над ними — небо в линиях облаков.
Эта картина — больше, чем просто пейзаж. Здесь природа представляет собой внешнее выражение внутреннего состояния, настроения байронического героя, изображённого на переднем плане. Горы и облака являются частью души героя, также как и он сам является частью их.
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Realism is an art movement or style which represents people or things like in real life (lifelike pictures). It followed Romanticism in the 19th century.
Jan Vermeer «The Milkmaid» (1658)/ Ян (Иоганн) Вермеер «Молочница»
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Impressionism is a style of painting developed in France in the 19th century (between 1870 and 1900) which concentrated on showing the effects of light on things rather than on clear and exact detail. When first appeared the paintings by impressionists shoked many people as they depict ordinary life full of light and energy in contrast to the formal school of painting.
Claude Monet «The Water Lily Pond» (1903)/ Клод Моне «Пруд с кувшинками»
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Surrealism is a style in art and literature in which ideas, images, and objects are combined in a strange way, like in a dream. (drealike images)
Salvador Dali «The Persistence of Memory» (1931) / Сальвадор Дали «Постоянство памяти» . Известна также как «Мягкие часы», «Твердость памяти» или «Стойкость памяти».
Эта небольшая картина (24×33 см) — вероятно, самая известная работа Дали. Размягченность висящих и стекающих часов — образ, выражающий уход от линейного понимания времени. Здесь присутствует и сам Дали в виде спящей головы, уже появлявшейся в некоторых его других картинах.
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Cubism is a style of art, begun in the early 20th century, in which objects are represented as if they could be seen from several different positions at the same time, using many lines and geometric shapes.This style was created by Picasso and Braque.
Pablo Picasso «The three musiсians» (1921) / Пабло Пикассо «Три Музыканта»
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Expressionism is a style of art which uses symbols, exaggerated shapes and colours to express the inner world of emotion rather than reality. It was founded by the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch at the beginning of the 20th century.
Edvard Munch «The Scream» (1893-1910)/ Эдвард Мунк «Крик»
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Abstract art is art that does not attempt to represent reality but it is an arragement of shape and colours. It became popular in the 20th century.
Wassily Kandinsky. Improvisation №26 (Rowing) 1912/ Василий Кандинский Импровизация 26 (Гребля)
These arts styles have existed over the years but in these days of rapd change, it is not easy to predict what kind of art we will be enjoying in 50 years’s time. Of course, traditional art and abstract art will stil be around. However, we may find that artists prefer to work with computers more and more because of the control it gives them. We may discover that computers are capable of creating art on their own.